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This series of articles has been recompiled to address the needs of Students and other “financially limited” users. All methods and software listed for download are FREE of charge. Recompilation is from existing material (in many instances identical), available from different sources on the internet. All graphics that are not self-drawn, freely available for re-use, or used with the original author’s permission, are accompanied by their respective copyright notice. Links to some of the sources of information and to the free software downloads are given at the end of each section.
Introduction
Visual Knowledge Mapping
Knowledge Visualization Mapping aims to improve the transfer of knowledge by the complementary use of computer and non-computer-based visual formats. Examples are photographs, information graphics, sketches, diagrams, images, mind maps, interactive visualizations, animations, imaginary visualizations, story boards or even physical objects for inspection.
Knowledge mapping is a general term that covers:
* mapping public issues
* mind-maps
* pattern languages
* dialogue mapping
* graphic facilitation
* geographical information mapping
* quantitative charts and graphs
* process and procedure flow charts
* timelines
* all other forms of visual presentation of information, especially of relationships.
Non-visual written Material
Outlining
Some authors claim that outlining comes in many variations, from the classic Harvard outline to the designs called concept mapping, webbing, mind mapping, diagramming, thematic mapping, graphic outlining, and bubble mapping. Here we will treat the concept of outlining in the way it is still used by a large number of students, i.e. representing only text based organizers.
An outline is an overview of a set of ideas, an organized summary of the relationships between key ideas, categories and the subordinate points of an idea, hiding or leaving out, less important details. These ideas are organized in text format.
* Outlining provides concise ways to organize and represent knowledge.
* Organizes the relationships between the main and subordinate points of an idea, activity or argument.
* Aids in remembering and understanding better, by connecting ideas that we know and understand with new ideas, making it easier to organize, prioritize and prune the thoughts that emerge, and then proceed with the expansion of the structure that is left standing.
The critical key advantage that digital outline processors provide over paper is the ability to collapse or instantly move any section of an outline. The white plus and minus signs are used to indicate the presence or absence of further information. The plus sign is also used as a clickable item that collapses and expands outlines. Following is an outline in Microsoft Word in the classic Harvard outline format.
The Outline command under View in Microsoft Word activates outlining mode; under Format, the Bullets and Numbering commands allow selection of different outline numbering designs. However, as Word outlining demonstrates, the formal outline style is totally unnecessary to effective outlining activity.
Text-based outline processing tools are often the most overlooked and the most powerful computer applications for thinking. Many applications have been created for text outlining tools, but for simple outlining, compatible with many ConceptMap and Mind- Mapping software packages, a simple text editor, such as Notepad is sufficient.
For further information and free software:
Action Outline Lite: http://www. actionoutline.com/download/ActionOutline_Lite_2.1_Setup.exe
Skwyrul Pro: http://www.donfreeware.com/ftp/skwyins t.zip
Visual Material
Graphic Organizers
A graphic organizer is a visual communication tool that uses visual symbols to express ideas and concepts to convey meaning.
* Often depicts the relationships between facts, terms, and or ideas within a learning task.
* Often referred to as a "map", because it can help to "map out" ideas in a visual manner.
* There are many similar names for graphic organizers, including: knowledge maps, concept maps, story maps, cognitive organizers, advanced organizers, or concept diagrams.
* They provide a visual aid to facilitate learning and instruction. Most graphic organizers form a powerful visual picture of information and allow the mind “to see” undiscovered patterns and relationships.
* Very useful in making a decision because they force the student to think about what the problem is, what the possible alternatives are, and what the consequences (positive and negative) of each alternative could be. Any decision can then be more easily analyzed.
The graphic organizer guides the student through a four-stage decision- making process:
1. State the decision that needs to be made.
2. List possible alternatives.
3. List the pros and cons associated with each of the alternatives.
4. Compare the consequences of each of the alternatives, in order to make the decision.
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